THE Sox (SRY-related HMG box) family of genes has emerged as a pivotal group of genes controlling embryonic development. Since the discovery of Sox genes in 1990, 20 have been found in mice alone, and homologues have been identified in insects, nematodes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and a range of mammals including marsupials and humans. Comparison of Sox gene sequences between species indicates an extraordinarily high degree of conservation during evolution. Expression studies, gene knockouts in mice, and the identification of SOX gene mutations in human congenital disorders, indicate the importance of Sox genes in a variety of developmental processes, such as sex determination, chondrogenesis, neural crest development, angiogenesis and neuronal cell-type specification. Sox genes appear to act as master switch genes encoding transcription factors regulating the differentiation of a number of cell types.

We are continuing to explore the Sox family, from the dual standpoints of identification of key regulatory genes in vertebrate development, and genome-based studies relating to the extent, diversity and origins of the Sox family. We are also studying the extent to which different Sox factors can substitute for each other in biochemical and functional assays.

Key technologies

Bioinformatics, phylogenetic analysis, comparative biochemistry, transgenic mouse production.

 

Key publications